FISHING INDUSTRY IN INDIA UPSC

Fishing target and future

State of fishing in india

FISHING INDUSTRY IN INDIA:

  • India is the third largest fish producing country, contributing 8 percent to the global fish production and ranks second in aquaculture production.
  • The fish production in 2021-22 is 16.24 Million Tonnes comprising of marine fish production of 4.12 Million Tonnes and 12.12 Million Tonnes from Aquaculture.
  • Indonesia is the second-largest fish producer in the world after China.
  • Although fishing is limited to the coastal regions yet the maximum portion of the total fish-catching comes from the inland fishing.
  • India ranks second in inland or fresh water fish production after China in the world.
  • West Bengal is the largest producer of inland fish followed by Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and
  • World Fisheries Day is celebrated on 21st November. In India, 75% of total sea-fishing comes from the western part.
  • Best performing states in Fisheries sector 2019-20 were awarded to Odisha (Marine States), Uttar Pradesh (inland states) and Assam (Hilly-NE States).
  • Gujarat is the largest marine fish producing state in the country followed by Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh.
  • Andhra Pradesh stands first in shrimp- farming in India.
  • The major fishing ports of India are Kochi, Chennai, Visakhapatnam, Raichak, Sasson Docks (Mumbai) & Paradip. West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala and Tamil Nadu occupy the top four positions in India in terms of total production of fish.
  • For the breeding of fish and prawn in sea water, a programme has been framed and is known as Brackish Water Aquaculture Schemes.
  • Livestock, fishing and Aquaculture account for nearly 32% of overall agricultural GDP and 5% of national GDP. Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries was formed in February 1991, of which a separate Department Fisheries was carved out in 2019.
  • Presently, the fish production is nearly 65% is from inland.

 

Indian Fisheries: Blue revolution or Neeli Kranti to Arth Kranti

This sector is also a principal source of livelihood for a large coastal population of the country. India has become the 3rd largest fish producer, and the 4th largest exporter of fish and fisheries products taking Brand India from ‘Local to Global’.

  • All time high fish production - The fish production reached an all-time high of 16.24 MMT during FY 2021-22 with marine exports touching Rs. 57,586 Crores.

Fishing Sector in india - organisational structure

FISHING INDUSTRY IN INDIA:

  • Institutional structure & various strategies for Fisheries Development I
    1. Under the India-Norway Project (INP), traditional fishing crafts are being mechanized and modernized, as a result of which Satpati, Machhawa, Lidhia, Malia and Tuticoran boats have been developed.
    2. Training centres for fishermen have been established at Satpati (Maharashtra), Veraval (Saurashtra), Kojan, Gujarat and Thoothukudi (Tamil Nadu).
    3. Fishing farm docks are functioning at Cuddalore, Royapuram (Tamil Nadu), Kandla, Veraval (Gujarat), Vizhinjam (Kerala), Sassoon Dock (Maharashtra) and Port Blair (Andaman-Nicobar).
    4. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research with eight fisheries research institutes are carrying out research for developing technologies for the exploitation of various aquatic resources.
    • The Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture of Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar and Odisha promotes research and development in freshwater aquaculture and also helps in training and extension of the sector.
    • The Central Institute of Fisheries, Nautical and Engineering Training, Kochi with branches at Chennai and Visakhapatnam aims at making available sufficient number of operators for deep-sea fishing vessels and technicians for shore establishments.
    • The Central Institute of Coastal Engineering for Fisheries, Bengaluru is engaged in techno-economic feasibility for the location of fishing harbor sites and farm sites for coastal aquaculture.
    1. Refrigeration facilities have been provided for the transportation of fish to the markets.
    2. The coastal zone extending up to a width of 200 nautical miles from the sea coast has been declared as Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ).
    3. The Fishery Survey of India (FSI) is carrying out survey and exploration work for deep sea fishing.
Read about - state of indian agriculture
Fishing types

Aquaculture

  • In India, two types of aquaculture are practiced i.e. freshwater and brackish water aquaculture.
  • The rearing and production of the entire aquatic animal and plant species namely fish, shrimp, crab, sambrook, palms, phytoplankton, algae and amphibian species is referred to as aquaculture.

 

Different Culture Systems

  • Intensive pond culture with supplementary feeding and aeration (10-15 ton/ha/yr)
  • Composite carp culture (4-6 tonnes/ha/yr)
  • Weed-based carp polyculture (3-4 tonnes/ha/yr)
  • Integrated fish farming with poultry, pigs, ducks, horticulture, etc. (3-5 tonnes/ha/yr)
  • Pen culture (3-5 tonnes/ha/yr)
  • Cage culture (10-15 kg/mvyr)
  • Running-water fish culture (20-50 kg/mvyr)

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